Read the ar script — letters.

• اaliflong 'a' as in 'father' (also a carrier for the glottal stop)
• بbalike English 'b' in 'boy'
• تtalike English 't' in 'top'
• ثthalike the 'th' in 'think' (voiceless)
• جjimlike the 'j' in 'jam' (in Egyptian Arabic, a hard 'g' as in 'go')
• حhaa strong, breathy 'h' produced deep in the throat (pharyngeal); no English equivalent
• خkhalike the 'ch' in Scottish 'loch' or German 'Bach'
• دdallike English 'd' in 'door'
• ذdhallike the 'th' in 'this' (voiced)
• رraa tapped or rolled 'r', like the Spanish 'r' in 'pero/perro'
• زzaylike English 'z' in 'zoo'
• سsinlike English 's' in 'sun'
• شshinlike 'sh' in 'ship'
• صsada heavy, emphatic 's' pronounced with the back of the tongue raised (deeper than 'sun')
• ضdada heavy, emphatic 'd' pronounced with the back of the tongue raised (fuller than 'door')
• طta (emphatic)a heavy, emphatic 't' pronounced with the back of the tongue raised (deeper than 'top')
• ظdha (emphatic)a heavy, emphatic 'th' as in 'this', with the back of the tongue raised
• عayna voiced throaty sound made by tightening the throat (pharyngeal); no English equivalent
• غghayna gargled 'r' from the back of the throat, like the French 'r' in 'Paris'
• فfalike English 'f' in 'fun'
• قqafa deep 'k' made far back in the throat (uvular)
• كkaflike English 'k' in 'kite'
• لlamlike English 'l' in 'lamp'
• مmimlike English 'm' in 'moon'
• نnunlike English 'n' in 'noon'
• هha (soft)a soft 'h' as in 'house'
• وwawlike 'w' in 'win', or long 'oo' as in 'food'
• يyalike 'y' in 'yes', or long 'ee' as in 'see'