The connectors that structure an argument — and the word order each one forces.

• obwohl + Verb am Endealthough / even though — subordinating; sends the verb to the END of the clauseObwohl es regnet, gehe ich = Although it's raining, I'm going
• während + Verb am Endewhile / whereas (contrast) — subordinating; verb to the ENDWährend ich arbeite, schläft er = While I work, he sleeps
• damit + Verb am Endeso that (purpose, two different subjects) — subordinating; verb to the ENDIch rufe an, damit du es weißt = I'm calling so that you know
• sodass / so dass + Verb am Endeso that (result, consequence) — subordinating; verb to the ENDEs war kalt, sodass wir blieben = It was cold, so that we stayed
• indem + Verb am Endeby (doing) — subordinating; describes the means; verb to the ENDIch lerne, indem ich lese = I learn by reading
• falls + Verb am Endein case / if — subordinating; verb to the ENDFalls es regnet, bleibe ich = In case it rains, I'll stay
• als ob + Verb am Ende (Konjunktiv)as if — subordinating; verb to the END, often with Konjunktiv IIEr tut, als ob er müde wäre = He acts as if he were tired
• nachdem + Verb am Endeafter — subordinating; verb to the END (often a perfect tense)Nachdem ich gegessen hatte, ging ich = After I had eaten, I left
• bevor + Verb am Endebefore — subordinating; verb to the ENDBevor ich gehe, esse ich = Before I leave, I eat
• seitdem + Verb am Endesince (the time when) — subordinating; verb to the ENDSeitdem ich hier wohne, bin ich glücklich = Since I live here, I'm happy
• trotzdem + Inversionnevertheless / anyway — adverbial; verb stays SECOND, so the subject comes after itEs regnet, trotzdem gehe ich = It's raining, nevertheless I'm going
• deshalb / deswegen + Inversiontherefore / for that reason — adverbial; verb stays SECOND, subject comes after itEs ist spät, deshalb gehe ich = It's late, therefore I'm going
• dennoch + Inversionyet / still (formal concession) — adverbial; verb stays SECOND, subject after itEs war teuer, dennoch kaufte ich es = It was expensive, yet I bought it
• allerdings + Inversionhowever / mind you (qualifier) — adverbial; verb stays SECOND, subject after itEs ist schön, allerdings ist es teuer = It's nice, however it's expensive
• außerdem + Inversionbesides / moreover (adds a point) — adverbial; verb stays SECOND, subject after itEs regnet, außerdem ist es kalt = It's raining, besides it's cold
• stattdessen + Inversioninstead — adverbial; verb stays SECOND, subject comes after itIch blieb, stattdessen ging er = I stayed, instead he went
• entweder ... odereither ... or — two-part correlative; after 'oder' normal V2 word orderIch nehme entweder den Bus oder das Auto = I'll take either the bus or the car
• weder ... nochneither ... nor — two-part correlative; the verb stays in position 2Ich trinke weder Kaffee noch Tee = I drink neither coffee nor tea
• zwar ... aberadmittedly ... but — two-part correlative; concedes a point, then counters itEs ist zwar teuer, aber es ist gut = It's admittedly expensive, but it's good
• nicht nur ... sondern auchnot only ... but also — two-part correlative; adds and intensifiesSie spricht nicht nur Deutsch, sondern auch Französisch = She speaks not only German but also French
• je ... desto / umsothe more ... the more — correlative; 'je' clause sends verb to the END, then 'desto' triggers V2 inversionJe mehr ich übe, desto besser werde ich = The more I practise, the better I get
• denn (Verb bleibt auf Position 2)because — coordinating (position 0); word order does NOT change, the verb stays in position 2Ich bleibe, denn ich bin müde = I'm staying because I'm tired
• sondern (nach Verneinung)but rather (only after a negation) — coordinating (position 0); no word-order changeDas ist nicht Tee, sondern Kaffee = That's not tea, but rather coffee
• und / aber / oder (Verb bleibt auf Position 2)and / but / or — coordinating (position 0); join two main clauses, word order does NOT changeIch komme, aber ich bleibe nicht lange = I'm coming, but I won't stay long