The 22 cards in this deck

The connectors and structures that link your ideas.

• penso che + congiuntivoI think that... — opinion verbs trigger the subjunctivePenso che sia vero = I think it's true
• credo che + congiuntivoI believe that... — opinion, takes the subjunctiveCredo che abbia ragione = I believe he is right
• non penso che + congiuntivoI don't think that... — doubt/negation, takes the subjunctiveNon penso che venga = I don't think he's coming
• è importante che + congiuntivoit's important that... — impersonal expressions take the subjunctiveÈ importante che tu capisca = It's important that you understand
• può darsi che + congiuntivoit may be that / maybe... — possibility, takes the subjunctivePuò darsi che piova = It may be that it rains
• magari + congiuntivoif only / I wish... — a wish for something unreal, takes the imperfetto/trapassato subjunctiveMagari fosse vero! = If only it were true!
• benché + congiuntivoalthough / even though — concession, always takes the subjunctiveBenché sia tardi, lavoro = Although it's late, I work
• sebbene + congiuntivoalthough / even though — same as benché, takes the subjunctiveSebbene piova, esco = Although it's raining, I go out
• nonostante + congiuntivoin spite of / despite — concession, takes the subjunctiveNonostante sia stanco, continuo = Despite being tired, I continue
• affinché + congiuntivoso that / in order that — purpose, takes the subjunctiveTe lo dico affinché tu capisca = I tell you so that you understand
• prima che + congiuntivobefore (someone does something) — takes the subjunctiveEsco prima che arrivi = I leave before he arrives
• purché + congiuntivoprovided that / as long as — condition, takes the subjunctiveVengo purché tu venga = I'll come provided you come
• se + imperfetto congiuntivo + condizionaleif... (hypothetical) — 'if' clause uses the imperfect subjunctive, result uses the conditionalSe potessi, verrei = If I could, I would come
• tuttaviahowever / nevertheless — links a contrast (no subjunctive needed)È difficile; tuttavia ci provo = It's hard; however, I'll try
• quindi / perciòso / therefore — states a consequencePiove, quindi resto a casa = It's raining, so I stay home
• siccomesince / because (at the start of a sentence) — gives the reason firstSiccome è tardi, vado = Since it's late, I'm going
• perché (because vs so that)perché = 'because' with the indicative; but 'so that' (purpose) takes the subjunctiveResto perché piove = I stay because it's raining
• mentrewhile — two actions at the same timeLeggo mentre mangio = I read while I eat
• appenaas soon as — one action right after anotherTi chiamo appena arrivo = I'll call you as soon as I arrive
• da quandosince (a point in time) — with the indicativeDa quando lavoro qui, sono felice = Since I work here, I'm happy
• ciò che / quello chewhat / that which — relative; ciò che and quello che are interchangeableNon capisco quello che dici = I don't understand what you say
• sto + gerundio (recap)to be doing — action happening right now (stare + -ando/-endo)Sto studiando italiano = I'm studying Italian