N1 grammar II — advanced JLPT N1 patterns with example sentences · JLPT N1

• 〜ながらに(して) (while remaining / as one is)今では家にいながらにして世界中の商品が買える。These days you can buy products from all over the world while staying at home.
• 〜いかんで(は) (depending on / according to)今後の交渉のいかんでは、契約が白紙に戻ることもある。Depending on the upcoming negotiations, the contract may be scrapped entirely.
• 〜いかんによらず／いかんにかかわらず (regardless of / irrespective of)理由のいかんによらず、遅刻は遅刻として扱われる。Regardless of the reason, being late is treated as being late.
• 〜であれ〜であれ (whether ... or ...)賛成であれ反対であれ、まずは意見を表明すべきだ。Whether you are for or against, you should first state your opinion.
• 〜たる(者) (one who is / in one's capacity as)指導者たる者、常に部下の手本でなければならない。One who is a leader must always be a model for their subordinates.
• 〜とは (the very fact that / to think that)まさか彼が裏切るとは、夢にも思わなかった。To think that he would betray us — I never dreamed of it.
• 〜ともなると／ともなれば (when it comes to / once you become)管理職ともなると、自分の仕事だけ考えるわけにはいかない。Once you become a manager, you can't just think about your own work alone.
• 〜にあって (in / under the circumstances of)戦時下にあって、人々は希望を捨てずに生き抜いた。Under wartime conditions, the people survived without abandoning hope.
• 〜と相まって (coupled with / combined with)円安が原油高と相まって、物価は急激に上昇した。The weak yen, coupled with high crude oil prices, caused prices to rise sharply.
• 〜こととて (because of / since it is the case that)慣れぬこととて、ご迷惑をおかけするかもしれません。As I am not accustomed to this, I may end up causing you trouble.
• 〜とはいえ (although / even though that is so)春とはいえ、朝晩はまだ肌寒い。Although it is spring, the mornings and evenings are still chilly.
• 〜ものを (if only / and yet)早く言ってくれれば手伝ったものを。If only you had told me sooner, I would have helped you.
• 〜が早いか (as soon as / no sooner than)ベルが鳴るが早いか、生徒たちは教室を飛び出した。No sooner had the bell rung than the students dashed out of the classroom.
• 〜や否や (the moment that / as soon as)彼は席に着くや否や、堰を切ったように話し始めた。The moment he took his seat, he began to talk as if a dam had burst.
• 〜なり (the instant / right after)母は私の顔を見るなり、安心したように泣き出した。The instant my mother saw my face, she burst into tears as if relieved.
• 〜そばから (no sooner ... than / as fast as)教わるそばから忘れてしまうので、なかなか覚えられない。I forget as soon as I'm taught, so I just can't seem to memorize it.
• 〜限りだ (extremely / nothing could be more)せっかくの旅行が中止になり、残念な限りだ。The long-awaited trip was cancelled — nothing could be more disappointing.
• 〜極まる／極まりない (utterly / in the extreme)あの運転は危険極まりない行為だ。That driving was an act that was dangerous in the extreme.
• 〜ずくめ (entirely / nothing but)今年は結婚に昇進と、いいことずくめの一年だった。With marriage and a promotion, this year was one full of nothing but good things.
• 〜めく (to show signs of / to take on the air of)三月に入り、ようやく春めいてきた。Now that March has arrived, it has finally begun to feel like spring.
• 〜ごとし／ごとき／ごとく (like / as if)光陰矢のごとし、月日の経つのは本当に早い。Time flies like an arrow; the passing of days and months is truly swift.