N2 grammar VII — upper-intermediate JLPT N2 patterns with example sentences · JLPT N2

• 〜きり (since / only that, and nothing after)彼とは去年会ったきり、一度も連絡を取っていない。I haven't been in touch with him at all since I met him last year.
• 〜あまり (out of [excessive emotion] / so much that)緊張のあまり、声が震えてしまった。Out of sheer nervousness, my voice ended up trembling.
• 〜にかわって (instead of / on behalf of)病気の社長にかわって、副社長が会議に出席した。On behalf of the ill president, the vice-president attended the meeting.
• 〜を契機に (taking ... as a turning point / triggered by)入院を契機に、彼は健康に気を使うようになった。Taking his hospitalization as a turning point, he became mindful of his health.
• 〜をもとに (based on / on the basis of)この映画は実際の事件をもとに作られている。This movie is made based on an actual incident.
• 〜を込めて (with [feeling] put into)感謝の気持ちを込めて、手紙を書いた。I wrote a letter with feelings of gratitude put into it.
• 〜ぬきには (without / cannot be done leaving out)彼の協力ぬきには、このプロジェクトは成功しなかった。Without his cooperation, this project would not have succeeded.
• 〜ほど (to the extent that / the more ...)彼は立っていられないほど疲れていた。He was so tired that he could barely stand.
• 〜ことなしに (without [doing])努力することなしに、成功は得られない。Without making an effort, success cannot be obtained.
• 〜こと (must / be sure to [written instruction])提出物は期限までに必ず出すこと。Be sure to submit your assignments by the deadline.
• 〜にあって (in [the situation of] / being in)この非常時にあって、冷静さを失ってはならない。In this state of emergency, we must not lose our composure.
• 〜ながらも (although / even while)彼は貧しいながらも、明るく暮らしている。Although he is poor, he lives cheerfully.
• 〜かねる (cannot / be unable to [do])その件については、私には判断しかねます。Regarding that matter, I am unable to make a judgment.
• 〜かねない (might well / could end up [negative])そんな無理をすると、体を壊しかねないよ。If you push yourself like that, you could well ruin your health.
• 〜ものの (although / even though)免許は取ったものの、車を運転する機会がない。Although I got my license, I have no chance to drive a car.
• 〜にわたる (extending over / spanning [noun])三日間にわたる会議がようやく終わった。The conference spanning three days has finally ended.
• 〜からといって (just because ... doesn't mean)高いからといって、品質がいいとは限らない。Just because it's expensive doesn't mean the quality is good.
• 〜うちに (while / before [it changes])温かいうちに、どうぞ召し上がってください。Please eat it while it's still warm.
• 〜どおり (just as / in accordance with)工事は予定どおりに進んでいる。The construction is proceeding just as planned.
• 〜にともなって (accompanying / along with)人口の増加にともなって、住宅問題が深刻化した。Along with the increase in population, the housing problem became serious.
• 〜ことから (from the fact that / because)この地域は雪が多いことから、雪国と呼ばれている。Because it gets a lot of snow, this region is called snow country.