The connectors that structure an argument — and the mood each one triggers.

• emboraconcession (although / even though) — takes the conjuntivoEmbora seja difícil, vou tentar = Although it's hard, I'll try
• ainda queconcession (even if / even though) — takes the conjuntivoAinda que chova, saímos = Even if it rains, we're going out
• mesmo queconcession (even if) — takes the conjuntivoMesmo que custe, vale a pena = Even if it costs, it's worth it
• conquantoconcession (although; formal/literary) — takes the conjuntivoConquanto seja jovem, é maduro = Although he's young, he's mature
• por mais queconcession (however much / no matter how much) — takes the conjuntivoPor mais que tente, não consigo = However much I try, I can't
• mesmo seconcession of a real/likely fact (even if) — takes the indicativeMesmo se está cansado, trabalha = Even if he's tired, he works
• apesar de + infinitivoconcession (despite) — takes the infinitive, not the conjuntivoApesar de saber, não disse = Despite knowing, he didn't say
• para quepurpose (so that / in order that) — takes the conjuntivoFalo claro para que entendas = I speak clearly so you understand
• a fim de quepurpose (in order that; more formal) — takes the conjuntivoEscrevi a fim de que saibas = I wrote so that you'd know
• a não ser quecondition (unless) — takes the conjuntivoNão vou, a não ser que venhas = I won't go, unless you come
• desde quecondition (provided that / as long as) — takes the conjuntivoAjudo-te, desde que peças = I'll help you, as long as you ask
• casocondition (in case / if) — takes the conjuntivoCaso precises, liga-me = In case you need, call me
• contanto quecondition (as long as / provided that) — takes the conjuntivoVou, contanto que haja tempo = I'll go, provided there's time
• visto quecause (since / given that) — takes the indicativeVisto que choveu, ficámos = Since it rained, we stayed
• já quecause (since / seeing that) — takes the indicativeJá que estás aqui, ajuda = Since you're here, help
• uma vez quecause (since / once / given that) — takes the indicativeUma vez que sabes, explica = Since you know, explain
• dado quecause (given that) — takes the indicativeDado que é tarde, vou dormir = Given that it's late, I'll sleep
• poiscause (for / because; mid-sentence) — takes the indicativeNão saí, pois estava doente = I didn't go out, for I was ill
• portantoconsequence (therefore / so) — takes the indicativeEstudei, portanto passei = I studied, therefore I passed
• por issoconsequence (that's why / for that reason) — takes the indicativeChoveu, por isso fiquei = It rained, that's why I stayed
• logoconsequence (hence / therefore) — takes the indicativePenso, logo existo = I think, therefore I am
• de modo queconsequence (so that / with the result that) — takes the indicative for resultFalou alto, de modo que ouvi = He spoke loud, so I heard
• por conseguinteconsequence (consequently; formal) — takes the indicativeFaltou, por conseguinte reprovou = He was absent, consequently he failed
• no entantocontrast (however / nevertheless) — takes the indicativeÉ caro; no entanto, comprei = It's expensive; however, I bought it
• contudocontrast (yet / however; formal) — takes the indicativeTentei; contudo, falhei = I tried; yet, I failed
• todaviacontrast (nevertheless / however; literary) — takes the indicativeEra tarde; todavia, esperei = It was late; nevertheless, I waited
• porémcontrast (however / but) — takes the indicativeQuis ir; porém, não pude = I wanted to go; but I couldn't
• enquanto (que)contrast (whereas) — takes the indicativeEu leio, enquanto ele dorme = I read, whereas he sleeps