Alphabet — pa.

• ੳūṛāvowel carrier; base for u/o sounds, like 'oo' in 'boot'
• ਅaiṛāvowel carrier; the default 'a' like 'u' in 'cup'
• ੲīṛīvowel carrier; base for i/e sounds, like 'ee' in 'see'
• ਸsassālike 's' in 'sun'
• ਹhāhālike 'h' in 'house'
• ਕkakkālike 'k' in 'skate' (unaspirated)
• ਖkhakhālike 'k' in 'kite' (aspirated, with a puff of air)
• ਗgaggālike 'g' in 'go'
• ਘghaggābreathy 'g', like 'gh' in 'doghouse'
• ਙṅaṅṅālike 'ng' in 'sing' (rare)
• ਚchacchālike 'ch' in 'church' (unaspirated)
• ਛchhachhālike 'ch' in 'church' (aspirated, with a puff of air)
• ਜjajjālike 'j' in 'jump'
• ਝjhajjābreathy 'j', like 'dgeh' said with extra air
• ਞñaññālike 'ny' in 'canyon' (rare)
• ਟṭaiṅkāhard 't' with tongue curled back, like 't' in 'top'
• ਠṭhaṭṭhāaspirated retroflex 't', curled-back 't' with a puff of air
• ਡḍaḍḍāhard 'd' with tongue curled back, like 'd' in 'drum'
• ਢḍhaḍḍābreathy retroflex 'd', curled-back 'd' with extra air
• ਣṇaṇṇāretroflex 'n', 'n' with tongue curled back (rare)
• ਤtattāsoft 't', tongue on teeth, like 't' in Spanish 'taco'
• ਥthatthāaspirated soft 't', dental 't' with a puff of air
• ਦdaddāsoft 'd', tongue on teeth, like 'th' in 'this'
• ਧdhaddābreathy soft 'd', dental 'd' with extra air
• ਨnannālike 'n' in 'net'
• ਪpappālike 'p' in 'spin' (unaspirated)
• ਫphaphphālike 'p' in 'pin' (aspirated, with a puff of air)
• ਬbabbālike 'b' in 'bat'
• ਭbhabbābreathy 'b', like 'bh' in 'clubhouse'
• ਮmammālike 'm' in 'man'
• ਯyayyālike 'y' in 'yes'
• ਰrārārolled/tapped 'r', like the 'r' in Spanish 'pero'
• ਲlallālike 'l' in 'love'
• ਵvāvālike 'v'/'w', between English 'v' in 'van' and 'w' in 'wet'
• ੜṛāṛāflapped retroflex 'r', tongue flicks the roof of the mouth