Read the te script — consonants.

• కkalike the 'k' in 'skate' (unaspirated)
• ఖkhalike the 'k' in 'kite', with a strong puff of air
• గgalike the 'g' in 'go'
• ఘghalike 'g' in 'go' with a breathy puff after it
• చcalike the 'ch' in 'cheese' (unaspirated)
• ఛchalike 'ch' in 'cheese', with a strong puff of air
• జjalike the 'j' in 'jam'
• ఝjhalike 'j' in 'jam' with a breathy puff after it
• టṭaa hard 't' with the tongue curled back (retroflex), as in 'top'
• ఠṭhathe retroflex 't' (curled tongue) with a strong puff of air
• డḍaa hard 'd' with the tongue curled back (retroflex), as in 'dog'
• ఢḍhathe retroflex 'd' (curled tongue) with a breathy puff after it
• ణṇaan 'n' with the tongue curled back (retroflex)
• తtaa soft 't' with tongue on the teeth, like Spanish 't' in 'taco'
• థthathe soft dental 't' with a strong puff of air
• దdaa soft 'd' with tongue on the teeth, like 'th' in 'this' but harder
• ధdhathe soft dental 'd' with a breathy puff after it
• నnalike the 'n' in 'no'
• పpalike the 'p' in 'spin' (unaspirated)
• ఫphalike 'p' in 'pin', with a strong puff of air
• బbalike the 'b' in 'bat'
• భbhalike 'b' in 'bat' with a breathy puff after it
• మmalike the 'm' in 'man'
• యyalike the 'y' in 'yes'
• రraa lightly rolled or tapped 'r', like Spanish 'r' in 'pero'
• లlalike the 'l' in 'love'
• వvalike the 'v' in 'van', soft, between 'v' and 'w'
• శśalike the 'sh' in 'sheep' (soft, palatal)
• షṣaa 'sh' sound with the tongue curled back (retroflex)
• సsalike the 's' in 'sun'
• హhalike the 'h' in 'hat'
• ళḷaan 'l' with the tongue curled back (retroflex), no English equivalent