TOPIK I grammar — tense, connectives and core verb endings with example sentences. · TOPIK I

• ~았어요/었어요 (past tense — polite)어제 친구를 만났어요.I met a friend yesterday.
• ~았습니다/었습니다 (past tense — formal)저는 밥을 먹었습니다.I ate a meal.
• ~ㄹ/을 거예요 (future / intention — will)내일 학교에 갈 거예요.I will go to school tomorrow.
• ~겠어요 (will / intention / conjecture)제가 하겠어요.I will do it.
• ~고 (and — connecting clauses)밥을 먹고 커피를 마셔요.I eat a meal and drink coffee.
• ~아서/어서 (and then — sequence)시장에 가서 과일을 샀어요.I went to the market and bought fruit.
• ~아서/어서 (because / so)배가 아파서 밥을 안 먹어요.My stomach hurts, so I don't eat.
• ~(으)세요 (polite request / command)물을 마시세요.Please drink water.
• ~지 마세요 (please don't)여기에서 자지 마세요.Please don't sleep here.
• ~ㄹ/을 수 있다 (can / be able to)저는 책을 읽을 수 있어요.I can read a book.
• ~ㄹ/을 수 없다 (cannot / be unable to)오늘은 일할 수 없어요.I can't work today.
• ~하고 (with / and — nouns, conversational)친구하고 영화를 봐요.I watch a movie with a friend.
• ~와/과 (with / and — nouns, formal)빵과 우유를 샀어요.I bought bread and milk.
• ~에게/한테 (to — a person)동생한테 카드를 줬어요.I gave a card to my younger sibling.
• ~(으)로 (by means of / toward)저는 버스로 회사에 가요.I go to the company by bus.
• ~지만 (but / although)이 가게는 비싸지만 좋아요.This shop is expensive but good.
• ~고 있다 (be doing — progressive)지금 책을 읽고 있어요.I am reading a book now.
• ~(으)러 가다/오다 (go/come in order to)밥을 먹으러 식당에 가요.I go to the restaurant to eat.
• ~ㄹ까요? (shall we? / shall I?)같이 커피를 마실까요?Shall we drink coffee together?
• ~ㅂ시다 (let's — formal proposal)같이 공원에 갑시다.Let's go to the park together.