Read the sa script — consonants.

• कkalike the 'k' in 'skip' (unaspirated, no puff of air)
• खkhalike the 'k' in 'sink-hole' — a 'k' with a strong puff of air
• गgalike the 'g' in 'go'
• घghaa breathy 'g', like 'dog-house' said fast
• ङṅalike the 'ng' in 'sing'
• चcalike the 'ch' in 'church' (unaspirated)
• छchalike 'ch' with a strong puff of air, as in 'church-hall'
• जjalike the 'j' in 'jump'
• झjhaa breathy 'j', like 'hedge-hog' said fast
• ञñalike the 'ny' in 'canyon'
• टṭaa hard 't' with the tongue curled back on the roof of the mouth (retroflex)
• ठṭhathe retroflex 't' with a strong puff of air
• डḍaa hard 'd' with the tongue curled back (retroflex)
• ढḍhathe retroflex 'd' with a strong puff of air
• णṇaan 'n' with the tongue curled back on the roof of the mouth (retroflex)
• तtaa soft 't' with the tongue on the teeth, like Spanish 'taco'
• थthathe dental 't' with a strong puff of air (not like English 'th')
• दdaa soft 'd' with the tongue on the teeth, like Spanish 'donde'
• धdhathe dental 'd' with a strong puff of air
• नnalike the 'n' in 'name'
• पpalike the 'p' in 'spin' (unaspirated, no puff of air)
• फphalike the 'p' in 'top-hat' — a 'p' with a strong puff of air
• बbalike the 'b' in 'bat'
• भbhaa breathy 'b', like 'club-house' said fast
• मmalike the 'm' in 'mother'
• यyalike the 'y' in 'yes'
• रraa lightly tapped 'r', like Spanish 'pero'
• लlalike the 'l' in 'love'
• वvabetween 'v' and 'w', like a soft 'v' in 'vine'
• शśalike the 'sh' in 'sheep' (soft, palatal)
• षṣaa 'sh' with the tongue curled back (retroflex), as in 'harsh'
• सsalike the 's' in 'sun'
• हhalike the 'h' in 'hello'