Read the sa script — vowels.

• अashort 'a' like the 'u' in 'cup' or the 'a' in 'about'
• आālong 'aa' like the 'a' in 'father'
• इishort 'i' like the 'i' in 'bit' or 'pin'
• ईīlong 'ee' like the 'ee' in 'see' or 'machine'
• उushort 'u' like the 'u' in 'put' or 'full'
• ऊūlong 'oo' like the 'oo' in 'food' or 'rule'
• ऋṛshort vocalic 'r', roughly the 'ri' in 'rim' (a vowel-like, lightly trilled r)
• ॠṝlong version of ṛ, a drawn-out vocalic 'rii'
• ऌḷshort vocalic 'l', roughly the 'le' in 'able' (very rare)
• ॡḹlong vocalic 'l', a drawn-out 'lii' (theoretical; effectively never occurs in actual Sanskrit)
• एealways-long pure 'ay' like the 'e' in 'they' (a steady monophthong, not the glide in English 'play')
• ऐaidiphthong 'ai' like the 'i' in 'high' or the 'ai' in 'aisle'
• ओoalways-long pure 'oh' like the 'o' in 'note' (a steady monophthong)
• औaudiphthong 'au' like the 'ow' in 'cow' or 'how'