Free DELE B2 flashcards
81 DELE B2 flashcards across the core themes, studied with real spaced repetition. Upper-intermediate: the imperfect subjunctive, the compound (perfect) tenses, and the connectors that structure an argument. Free, no signup, works in your browser.
DELE B2 is where Spanish becomes nuanced — the imperfect subjunctive for past-tense hypotheticals and polite forms (si tuviera…, quisiera…), the compound tenses (he hablado, había comido, habría vivido, haya llegado) for completed and hypothetical actions, and the discourse connectors (aunque, a no ser que, por consiguiente…) that turn opinions into arguments. EverFlip schedules it all with real FSRS spaced repetition. Build on B1 first; your progress saves in your browser and exports to Anki anytime.
Argue and nuance
The imperfect subjunctive (imperfecto de subjuntivo)
Study these 26 →- hablarayo / él / ella (hablar) — imperfect subjunctive; -ar verbs take -ara; yo and él/ella share one form (variant: hablase)(that) I / he / she spoke / would speak
- hablarastú (hablar) — imperfect subjunctive (variant: hablases)(that) you spoke / would speak
- habláramosnosotros (hablar) — imperfect subjunctive; note the accent on the á (variant: hablásemos)(that) we spoke / would speak
- hablaranellos/ellas (hablar) — imperfect subjunctive (variant: hablasen)(that) they spoke / would speak
- comierayo / él / ella (comer) — imperfect subjunctive; -er/-ir verbs take -iera; yo and él/ella share one form (variant: comiese)(that) I / he / she ate / would eat
- comierastú (comer) — imperfect subjunctive (variant: comieses)(that) you ate / would eat
- comiéramos / comierannosotros / ellos (comer) — imperfect subjunctive (variants: comiésemos / comiesen)(that) we / they ate / would eat
- vivierayo / él / ella (vivir) — imperfect subjunctive; same -iera endings as -er verbs; yo and él/ella share one form (variant: viviese)(that) I / he / she lived / would live
- vivierastú (vivir) — imperfect subjunctive (variant: vivieses)(that) you lived / would live
- viviéramos / vivierannosotros / ellos (vivir) — imperfect subjunctive (variants: viviésemos / viviesen)(that) we / they lived / would live
- tuvierayo / él / ella (tener) — irregular stem 'tuvi-' (from the preterite 'tuve') + -era (variant: tuviese)(that) I / he / she had / would have
- tuvieras / tuvierantú / ellos (tener) — irregular stem 'tuvi-'(that) you / they had / would have
- fuerayo / él / ella (ser AND ir) — SAME form for both verbs; context decides which (variant: fuese)(that) I / he / she were (ser) OR went (ir)
- fueras / fuerantú / ellos (ser AND ir) — same form for both verbs; context decides(that) you / they were OR went
- hicierayo / él / ella (hacer) — irregular stem 'hici-' (from the preterite 'hice') + -era (variant: hiciese)(that) I / he / she did / made
- pudierayo / él / ella (poder) — irregular stem 'pudi-' (from the preterite 'pude') + -era (variant: pudiese)(that) I / he / she could / would be able to
- quisierayo / él / ella (querer) — irregular stem 'quisi-' (from the preterite 'quise') + -era; also used alone as a very polite 'I would like'(that) I / he / she wanted / would want; (polite) I would like
- dijerayo / él / ella (decir) — irregular stem 'dij-' (from the preterite 'dije') + -era; note: -era not -iera after the j (variant: dijese)(that) I / he / she said / told
- estuvierayo / él / ella (estar) — irregular stem 'estuvi-' (from the preterite 'estuve') + -era (variant: estuviese)(that) I / he / she was / would be
- El -ase/-iese existeEvery form has a second variant: hablara = hablase, comiera = comiese, fuera = fuese. Same meaning; -ra is more common in speech, -se sounds more formal/literary.The -ase/-iese variant exists
- Si tuviera dinero, viajaríaUSAGE: 'si' + imperfect subjunctive for an unreal/hypothetical condition; the result uses the conditionalIf I had money, I would travel
- Si fuera tú, hablaría con élUSAGE: 'si fuera tú' (ser) = 'if I were you'; classic unreal conditionIf I were you, I'd talk to him
- Quisiera un café, por favorUSAGE: 'quisiera' alone = very polite 'I would like' — softer than 'quiero' or 'querría'I would like a coffee, please
- Quería que vinierasUSAGE: past-tense trigger ('quería' = wanted) forces the imperfect subjunctive in the 'que' clause — sequence of tensesI wanted you to come
- No había nadie que tuviera tiempoUSAGE: past trigger ('no había nadie que') + imperfect subjunctive; mirrors how the present subjunctive follows present triggersThere was no one who had time
- Me dijo que hablara más despacioUSAGE: reported request in the past ('me dijo que') + imperfect subjunctiveHe told me to speak more slowly
Compound tenses (tiempos compuestos)
Study these 31 →- heyo — auxiliary haber, present; pairs with participle for present perfectI have (done)
- hastú — auxiliary haber, presentyou have (done)
- haél/ella/usted — auxiliary haber, presenthe/she/you (formal) has/have (done)
- hemosnosotros — auxiliary haber, presentwe have (done)
- hanellos/ellas/ustedes — auxiliary haber, presentthey/you (plural) have (done)
- habladoparticiple of hablar (-ar verbs → -ado); regularspoken
- comidoparticiple of comer (-er verbs → -ido); regulareaten
- vividoparticiple of vivir (-ir verbs → -ido); regularlived
- he habladoyo (hablar) — present perfect (pretérito perfecto); haber + participleI have spoken
- has comidotú (comer) — present perfect; participle never changes for gender/numberyou have eaten
- hemos vivido aquínosotros (vivir) — present perfect; recent/relevant pastwe have lived here
- habíayo / él / ella — auxiliary haber, imperfect; pairs with participle for pluperfectI/he/she had (done)
- habíastú — auxiliary haber, imperfectyou had (done)
- habíamosnosotros — auxiliary haber, imperfectwe had (done)
- había comidoyo (comer) — pluperfect (pluscuamperfecto); an action done before another past actionI had eaten
- hechoparticiple of hacer — IRREGULAR (not *hacido)done / made
- dichoparticiple of decir — IRREGULARsaid / told
- vistoparticiple of ver — IRREGULARseen
- puestoparticiple of poner — IRREGULARput / placed
- escritoparticiple of escribir — IRREGULARwritten
- vueltoparticiple of volver — IRREGULARreturned / come back
- abiertoparticiple of abrir — IRREGULARopened
- rotoparticiple of romper — IRREGULARbroken
- no había visto nadayo (ver) — pluperfect with irregular participle vistoI had not seen anything
- habríayo / él / ella — auxiliary haber, conditional; pairs with participle for conditional perfectI/he/she would have (done)
- habría vivido en Españayo (vivir) — conditional perfect (condicional compuesto); a hypothetical past actionI would have lived in Spain
- habríamos hecho másnosotros (hacer) — conditional perfect with irregular participle hechowe would have done more
- hayayo / él / ella — auxiliary haber, present subjunctive; pairs with participle for perfect subjunctive(that) I/he/she has/have (done)
- hayastú — auxiliary haber, present subjunctive(that) you have (done)
- espero que haya llegadoél/ella (llegar) — perfect subjunctive (perfecto de subjuntivo); after esperar queI hope he/she has arrived
- es bueno que hayas dicho la verdadtú (decir) — perfect subjunctive with irregular participle dichoit is good that you have told the truth
B2 connectors & discourse markers
Study these 24 →- aunqueConcession — indicative when the fact is real/known (aunque llueve = it's raining); subjunctive when hypothetical or conceded (aunque llueva = even if it rains).even though / although / even if
- sin embargoContrast — sentence-linking marker, no mood change. Opens a clause that contradicts the previous one. Indicative.however / nevertheless
- por lo tantoConsequence — draws a logical conclusion. No mood change; indicative.therefore
- para quePurpose — ALWAYS takes the subjunctive (para que vengas = so that you come). Use when the two subjects differ.so that / in order that
- ya queCause — gives a known reason, often info the listener already shares. Indicative.since / as / given that
- a pesar de (que)Concession — 'a pesar de' + noun/infinitive; 'a pesar de que' + clause (indicative for facts, subjunctive if hypothetical).in spite of / despite (the fact that)
- aun asíConcession — links sentences ('and yet, still'). No mood change; indicative.even so / still
- por mucho queConcession — normally takes the SUBJUNCTIVE (por mucho que trabajes = no matter how much you work). Stresses effort that won't change the outcome.no matter how much / however much
- puesto queCause — formal; gives a reason taken as established fact. Indicative.since / given that
- debido a (que)Cause — formal; 'debido a' + noun, 'debido a que' + clause. Indicative.due to / because of (the fact that)
- dado queCause — states a premise as a given. Indicative.given that / since
- así queConsequence — informal, very common in speech (no tengo tiempo, así que me voy). Indicative.so / therefore
- de modo queConsequence (indicative: de modo que no vino = so he didn't come) OR purpose (SUBJUNCTIVE: de modo que entiendas = so that you understand). The mood signals which.so / so that
- por consiguienteConsequence — formal/written register. No mood change; indicative.consequently
- a fin de quePurpose — ALWAYS takes the subjunctive; formal equivalent of 'para que' (a fin de que todos lo sepan).in order that / so that
- con el fin dePurpose — + infinitive (con el fin de mejorar). Use 'con el fin de que' + SUBJUNCTIVE when subjects differ.with the aim of / in order to
- siempre queCondition — takes the SUBJUNCTIVE for a condition (siempre que puedas = as long as you can). Note: + indicative it means 'whenever / every time that'.as long as / provided that
- a no ser queCondition — ALWAYS takes the subjunctive (a no ser que llueva = unless it rains).unless
- en cambioContrast — links sentences to mark opposition ('on the other hand'). No mood change; indicative.on the other hand / instead
- mientras queContrast — sets two facts against each other (yo trabajo, mientras que él descansa). Indicative. (Distinct from 'mientras' = while/during.)whereas / while
- no obstanteContrast — formal equivalent of 'sin embargo'. No mood change; indicative.nevertheless / however
- ademásAddition — adds a reinforcing point ('what's more'). No mood change; indicative.besides / moreover / in addition
- por una parte… por otra (parte)Sequence/contrast — balances two sides of an argument. No mood change; indicative.on the one hand… on the other (hand)
- en primer lugarSequence — orders the first point of an argument (followed by 'en segundo lugar', 'por último'). No mood change; indicative.in the first place / firstly