Free DELE B2 flashcards
81 DELE B2 flashcards across the core themes, studied with real spaced repetition. Upper-intermediate: the imperfect subjunctive, the compound (perfect) tenses, and the connectors that structure an argument. Free, no signup, works in your browser. Download all of DELE B2 as one Anki deck.
DELE B2 is where Spanish becomes nuanced — the imperfect subjunctive for past-tense hypotheticals and polite forms (si tuviera…, quisiera…), the compound tenses (he hablado, había comido, habría vivido, haya llegado) for completed and hypothetical actions, and the discourse connectors (aunque, a no ser que, por consiguiente…) that turn opinions into arguments. EverFlip schedules it all with real FSRS spaced repetition. Build on B1 first; your progress saves in your browser and exports to Anki anytime.
Argue and nuance
The imperfect subjunctive (imperfecto de subjuntivo)
Study these 26 →- hablarayo / él / ella (hablar) — imperfect subjunctive; -ar verbs take -ara; yo and él/ella share one form (variant: hablase)(that) I / he / she spoke / would speak
- hablarastú (hablar) — imperfect subjunctive (variant: hablases)(that) you spoke / would speak
- habláramosnosotros (hablar) — imperfect subjunctive; note the accent on the á (variant: hablásemos)(that) we spoke / would speak
- hablaranellos/ellas (hablar) — imperfect subjunctive (variant: hablasen)(that) they spoke / would speak
- comierayo / él / ella (comer) — imperfect subjunctive; -er/-ir verbs take -iera; yo and él/ella share one form (variant: comiese)(that) I / he / she ate / would eat
- comierastú (comer) — imperfect subjunctive (variant: comieses)(that) you ate / would eat
- comiéramos / comierannosotros / ellos (comer) — imperfect subjunctive (variants: comiésemos / comiesen)(that) we / they ate / would eat
- vivierayo / él / ella (vivir) — imperfect subjunctive; same -iera endings as -er verbs; yo and él/ella share one form (variant: viviese)(that) I / he / she lived / would live
- vivierastú (vivir) — imperfect subjunctive (variant: vivieses)(that) you lived / would live
- viviéramos / vivierannosotros / ellos (vivir) — imperfect subjunctive (variants: viviésemos / viviesen)(that) we / they lived / would live
- tuvierayo / él / ella (tener) — irregular stem 'tuvi-' (from the preterite 'tuve') + -era (variant: tuviese)(that) I / he / she had / would have
- tuvieras / tuvierantú / ellos (tener) — irregular stem 'tuvi-'(that) you / they had / would have
- fuerayo / él / ella (ser AND ir) — SAME form for both verbs; context decides which (variant: fuese)(that) I / he / she were (ser) OR went (ir)
- fueras / fuerantú / ellos (ser AND ir) — same form for both verbs; context decides(that) you / they were OR went
- hicierayo / él / ella (hacer) — irregular stem 'hici-' (from the preterite 'hice') + -era (variant: hiciese)(that) I / he / she did / made
- pudierayo / él / ella (poder) — irregular stem 'pudi-' (from the preterite 'pude') + -era (variant: pudiese)(that) I / he / she could / would be able to
- quisierayo / él / ella (querer) — irregular stem 'quisi-' (from the preterite 'quise') + -era; also used alone as a very polite 'I would like'(that) I / he / she wanted / would want; (polite) I would like
- dijerayo / él / ella (decir) — irregular stem 'dij-' (from the preterite 'dije') + -era; note: -era not -iera after the j (variant: dijese)(that) I / he / she said / told
- estuvierayo / él / ella (estar) — irregular stem 'estuvi-' (from the preterite 'estuve') + -era (variant: estuviese)(that) I / he / she was / would be
- El -ase/-iese existeEvery form has a second variant: hablara = hablase, comiera = comiese, fuera = fuese. Same meaning; -ra is more common in speech, -se sounds more formal/literary.The -ase/-iese variant exists
- Si tuviera dinero, viajaríaUSAGE: 'si' + imperfect subjunctive for an unreal/hypothetical condition; the result uses the conditionalIf I had money, I would travel
- Si fuera tú, hablaría con élUSAGE: 'si fuera tú' (ser) = 'if I were you'; classic unreal conditionIf I were you, I'd talk to him
- Quisiera un café, por favorUSAGE: 'quisiera' alone = very polite 'I would like' — softer than 'quiero' or 'querría'I would like a coffee, please
- Quería que vinierasUSAGE: past-tense trigger ('quería' = wanted) forces the imperfect subjunctive in the 'que' clause — sequence of tensesI wanted you to come
- No había nadie que tuviera tiempoUSAGE: past trigger ('no había nadie que') + imperfect subjunctive; mirrors how the present subjunctive follows present triggersThere was no one who had time
- Me dijo que hablara más despacioUSAGE: reported request in the past ('me dijo que') + imperfect subjunctiveHe told me to speak more slowly
Compound tenses (tiempos compuestos)
Study these 31 →- heyo — auxiliary haber, present; pairs with participle for present perfectI have (done)
- hastú — auxiliary haber, presentyou have (done)
- haél/ella/usted — auxiliary haber, presenthe/she/you (formal) has/have (done)
- hemosnosotros — auxiliary haber, presentwe have (done)
- hanellos/ellas/ustedes — auxiliary haber, presentthey/you (plural) have (done)
- habladoparticiple of hablar (-ar verbs → -ado); regularspoken
- comidoparticiple of comer (-er verbs → -ido); regulareaten
- vividoparticiple of vivir (-ir verbs → -ido); regularlived
- he habladoyo (hablar) — present perfect (pretérito perfecto); haber + participleI have spoken
- has comidotú (comer) — present perfect; participle never changes for gender/numberyou have eaten
- hemos vivido aquínosotros (vivir) — present perfect; recent/relevant pastwe have lived here
- habíayo / él / ella — auxiliary haber, imperfect; pairs with participle for pluperfectI/he/she had (done)
- habíastú — auxiliary haber, imperfectyou had (done)
- habíamosnosotros — auxiliary haber, imperfectwe had (done)
- había comidoyo (comer) — pluperfect (pluscuamperfecto); an action done before another past actionI had eaten
- hechoparticiple of hacer — IRREGULAR (not *hacido)done / made
- dichoparticiple of decir — IRREGULARsaid / told
- vistoparticiple of ver — IRREGULARseen
- puestoparticiple of poner — IRREGULARput / placed
- escritoparticiple of escribir — IRREGULARwritten
- vueltoparticiple of volver — IRREGULARreturned / come back
- abiertoparticiple of abrir — IRREGULARopened
- rotoparticiple of romper — IRREGULARbroken
- no había visto nadayo (ver) — pluperfect with irregular participle vistoI had not seen anything
- habríayo / él / ella — auxiliary haber, conditional; pairs with participle for conditional perfectI/he/she would have (done)
- habría vivido en Españayo (vivir) — conditional perfect (condicional compuesto); a hypothetical past actionI would have lived in Spain
- habríamos hecho másnosotros (hacer) — conditional perfect with irregular participle hechowe would have done more
- hayayo / él / ella — auxiliary haber, present subjunctive; pairs with participle for perfect subjunctive(that) I/he/she has/have (done)
- hayastú — auxiliary haber, present subjunctive(that) you have (done)
- espero que haya llegadoél/ella (llegar) — perfect subjunctive (perfecto de subjuntivo); after esperar queI hope he/she has arrived
- es bueno que hayas dicho la verdadtú (decir) — perfect subjunctive with irregular participle dichoit is good that you have told the truth
B2 connectors & discourse markers
Study these 24 →- aunqueConcession — indicative when the fact is real/known (aunque llueve = it's raining); subjunctive when hypothetical or conceded (aunque llueva = even if it rains).even though / although / even if
- sin embargoContrast — sentence-linking marker, no mood change. Opens a clause that contradicts the previous one. Indicative.however / nevertheless
- por lo tantoConsequence — draws a logical conclusion. No mood change; indicative.therefore
- para quePurpose — ALWAYS takes the subjunctive (para que vengas = so that you come). Use when the two subjects differ.so that / in order that
- ya queCause — gives a known reason, often info the listener already shares. Indicative.since / as / given that
- a pesar de (que)Concession — 'a pesar de' + noun/infinitive; 'a pesar de que' + clause (indicative for facts, subjunctive if hypothetical).in spite of / despite (the fact that)
- aun asíConcession — links sentences ('and yet, still'). No mood change; indicative.even so / still
- por mucho queConcession — normally takes the SUBJUNCTIVE (por mucho que trabajes = no matter how much you work). Stresses effort that won't change the outcome.no matter how much / however much
- puesto queCause — formal; gives a reason taken as established fact. Indicative.since / given that
- debido a (que)Cause — formal; 'debido a' + noun, 'debido a que' + clause. Indicative.due to / because of (the fact that)
- dado queCause — states a premise as a given. Indicative.given that / since
- así queConsequence — informal, very common in speech (no tengo tiempo, así que me voy). Indicative.so / therefore
- de modo queConsequence (indicative: de modo que no vino = so he didn't come) OR purpose (SUBJUNCTIVE: de modo que entiendas = so that you understand). The mood signals which.so / so that
- por consiguienteConsequence — formal/written register. No mood change; indicative.consequently
- a fin de quePurpose — ALWAYS takes the subjunctive; formal equivalent of 'para que' (a fin de que todos lo sepan).in order that / so that
- con el fin dePurpose — + infinitive (con el fin de mejorar). Use 'con el fin de que' + SUBJUNCTIVE when subjects differ.with the aim of / in order to
- siempre queCondition — takes the SUBJUNCTIVE for a condition (siempre que puedas = as long as you can). Note: + indicative it means 'whenever / every time that'.as long as / provided that
- a no ser queCondition — ALWAYS takes the subjunctive (a no ser que llueva = unless it rains).unless
- en cambioContrast — links sentences to mark opposition ('on the other hand'). No mood change; indicative.on the other hand / instead
- mientras queContrast — sets two facts against each other (yo trabajo, mientras que él descansa). Indicative. (Distinct from 'mientras' = while/during.)whereas / while
- no obstanteContrast — formal equivalent of 'sin embargo'. No mood change; indicative.nevertheless / however
- ademásAddition — adds a reinforcing point ('what's more'). No mood change; indicative.besides / moreover / in addition
- por una parte… por otra (parte)Sequence/contrast — balances two sides of an argument. No mood change; indicative.on the one hand… on the other (hand)
- en primer lugarSequence — orders the first point of an argument (followed by 'en segundo lugar', 'por último'). No mood change; indicative.in the first place / firstly